Grafts [19]. The further study confirmed the non-cytoxicity of tRRL, yet 131I-RRL

Grafts [19]. The further study confirmed the non-cytoxicity of tRRL, yet 131I-RRL could lead to significant cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells. In vitro binding experiment using fluorescein FITC showed better adherence between tRRL and different kinds of tumor cells, and the results were paralleled with in vivo 131I-RRL SPECT imaging[22]. Xia Lu also claimed VEGFR-2 was probably not the solely biding ligand for tRRL Lecirelin web targeted to tumor angiogenic endothelium, and raioiodinated tRRL can be a noninvasive method for functional molecular imaging of tumor angiogenesis [23]. As we known, buy 14636-12-5 technetium-99 m has become a popular radionuclide because of its proper half-life (6 h), allowing for complex synthesis and prolonged imaging. We are working at exploring the synthesis and imaging application of 99mTc-RRL. The amino acid sequence of tRRL is not suitable for technetium99 m radiolabeling. In this study, the main amino acid sequence of RRL was reserved and we add a sequence of (D) alanine-glycineglycine-lysine ((D) Ala-Gly-Gly-Lys), which can anchor the technetium-99 m [24]. And inserting (D) serine residue can promote the water solubility of the peptide, that the route of excretion and/or kidney retention can be modified. Then the modified sequence of RRL (Gly-(D)Ala-Gly-Gly-Lys-(D)Ser(D)Ser-Cys-Gly-Gly-Arg-Arg-Leu-Gly-Gly-Cys-NH2) can be radiolabeled with technetium-99 m by a one-step method. In this study, 8 different concentration of SnCl2 solution were used to explore the best reaction condition, and we found the radiolabeling efficiency was increased with lower dose of SnCl2. When the concentration of SnCl2 solution was 0.25 mg/mL, radiolabeling efficiency was up to 80 , and the radiochemical purity exceeded 96 after purification. The radiolabeling efficiency was significant higher than that of 131I-RRL (60 as reported [19]). Biodistribution data in nude mice with HepG2 xenografts indicated a rapid tumor uptake and specific tumor targeting of 99m Tc-RRL. A quick blood clearance was shown with more than 71.3 of the tracer cleared within 4 hours post injection. To the contrary, the uptake of tracer in tumors was detained, with 4.10 ID/g remaining 15 min after injection and 3.92 ID/g remaining at 4 h (less than 4.39 of the tracer was cleared). The ratio of tumor-to-blood was significant difference (F = 5.56, P,0.05) between experimental groups, especially the highest ratio value appeared at 4 h. Because of the xenografts studied were HepG2 cells implantation, the ratio of tumor-to-liver (T/L) should be discussed as well. A higher T/L ratio was shown in different time point, especially 2.45 at 4 h. In study on biodistribution of 131 I-RRL, the average ID/g of liver and tumor was 3.44 and 2.05 respectively. The T/L ratio of 131I-RRL was 1.27 at 6 h, whereas that of our study was 1.97. These data of experimentalA Novel99mTc-Labeled Molecular ProbeFigure 5. Biodistribution of 99mTc-RRL in HepG2 xenograft-bearing mice. The ratio of T/NT of blood, liver, kidney and skeletal muscle showed better biodistribution of the probe (A). T/B and T/L ratio of experimental group were significant higher than that of blocking or control group. `*’ represented P,0.05. Comparison of ID/g of interesting organs among experimental, blocking and control group at 6 h post injection was shown (B). Data were expressed as the mean value 6 SD (n = 5). Higher uptake of kidneys and bladder caused by the probe clearance, yet higher stomach uptake was because of the uptake of fre.Grafts [19]. The further study confirmed the non-cytoxicity of tRRL, yet 131I-RRL could lead to significant cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells. In vitro binding experiment using fluorescein FITC showed better adherence between tRRL and different kinds of tumor cells, and the results were paralleled with in vivo 131I-RRL SPECT imaging[22]. Xia Lu also claimed VEGFR-2 was probably not the solely biding ligand for tRRL targeted to tumor angiogenic endothelium, and raioiodinated tRRL can be a noninvasive method for functional molecular imaging of tumor angiogenesis [23]. As we known, technetium-99 m has become a popular radionuclide because of its proper half-life (6 h), allowing for complex synthesis and prolonged imaging. We are working at exploring the synthesis and imaging application of 99mTc-RRL. The amino acid sequence of tRRL is not suitable for technetium99 m radiolabeling. In this study, the main amino acid sequence of RRL was reserved and we add a sequence of (D) alanine-glycineglycine-lysine ((D) Ala-Gly-Gly-Lys), which can anchor the technetium-99 m [24]. And inserting (D) serine residue can promote the water solubility of the peptide, that the route of excretion and/or kidney retention can be modified. Then the modified sequence of RRL (Gly-(D)Ala-Gly-Gly-Lys-(D)Ser(D)Ser-Cys-Gly-Gly-Arg-Arg-Leu-Gly-Gly-Cys-NH2) can be radiolabeled with technetium-99 m by a one-step method. In this study, 8 different concentration of SnCl2 solution were used to explore the best reaction condition, and we found the radiolabeling efficiency was increased with lower dose of SnCl2. When the concentration of SnCl2 solution was 0.25 mg/mL, radiolabeling efficiency was up to 80 , and the radiochemical purity exceeded 96 after purification. The radiolabeling efficiency was significant higher than that of 131I-RRL (60 as reported [19]). Biodistribution data in nude mice with HepG2 xenografts indicated a rapid tumor uptake and specific tumor targeting of 99m Tc-RRL. A quick blood clearance was shown with more than 71.3 of the tracer cleared within 4 hours post injection. To the contrary, the uptake of tracer in tumors was detained, with 4.10 ID/g remaining 15 min after injection and 3.92 ID/g remaining at 4 h (less than 4.39 of the tracer was cleared). The ratio of tumor-to-blood was significant difference (F = 5.56, P,0.05) between experimental groups, especially the highest ratio value appeared at 4 h. Because of the xenografts studied were HepG2 cells implantation, the ratio of tumor-to-liver (T/L) should be discussed as well. A higher T/L ratio was shown in different time point, especially 2.45 at 4 h. In study on biodistribution of 131 I-RRL, the average ID/g of liver and tumor was 3.44 and 2.05 respectively. The T/L ratio of 131I-RRL was 1.27 at 6 h, whereas that of our study was 1.97. These data of experimentalA Novel99mTc-Labeled Molecular ProbeFigure 5. Biodistribution of 99mTc-RRL in HepG2 xenograft-bearing mice. The ratio of T/NT of blood, liver, kidney and skeletal muscle showed better biodistribution of the probe (A). T/B and T/L ratio of experimental group were significant higher than that of blocking or control group. `*’ represented P,0.05. Comparison of ID/g of interesting organs among experimental, blocking and control group at 6 h post injection was shown (B). Data were expressed as the mean value 6 SD (n = 5). Higher uptake of kidneys and bladder caused by the probe clearance, yet higher stomach uptake was because of the uptake of fre.