Estern blot analysis an equal amount of protein (50?00 mg) was loaded

Estern blot analysis an equal amount of protein (50?00 mg) was loaded in each well and subjected to 10 sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Separated proteins were then transferred from the gel to polyvinylidinene fluoride (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) membranes and blocked in 5 non-fat dry milk prepared in 16 TBST. The membranes were incubated with the primary antibodies overnight at 4uC. The following primary antibodies were used: GRP78(1:200, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), CHOP (1:100, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA) or GAPDH antibody (1:1000, Zhongshan Goldenbridge Biotechnology, China). After washing primary antibodies with 16TBST, the membranes were incubated with appropriate secondary antibodies for 2 h at room temperature. The blots were developed using ECL (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology, China).2.2 SurgeriesRats were starved for 12 h prior to surgery, and then anesthetized by injecting of 10 chloral hydrate (0.35 ml/100 g) intraperitoneally. A model of transient, bilateral hemispheric ischemia was established according to previously described methods [20]. Briefly, vertebral arteries were electrocauterized to induce permanent occlusion. The common carotid arteries were exposed, isolated, and marked using a cotton thread loop. After 24 hours, the exposed bilateral common carotid arteries of the anesthetized rats rats were blocked by artery clamps .After 15 min of ischemia, the clamps were removed to allow reperfusion. A needle electrode was inserted subcutaneously from the parietal region, and connected with the ED-Swan Mark electroencephalogram system (Nihon 24272870 Kohden, Tokyo, Japan). The criteria of successful model were that rats presented unconscious, bilateral dilation of pupils, loss of spontaneous voluntary movements and the righting reflex throughout the ischemia and initial reperfusion periods. As the rats were anesthetized, we mainly rely on EEG. For rats in the hypothermic group, core 79831-76-8 biological activity temperature was decreased to 32?4uC by spraying 100 alcohol onto the rat’s body, and was brought back to normal with a light and a heating pad. Hypothermia maintained for 3 hours after reperfusion. For rats in the sham group, 4 vessels were exposed but without occlusion.2.5 Statistics 2.3 (HE) Staining, Immunohistochemistry and TUNEL MethodThe rats (n = 6 at each time point) were deeply anesthetized and intracardially perfused with 0.9 NaCl, followed by 4 paraformaldehyde (PFA). Brains were removed and brain tissues at the coronal plane from 1 to 4 mm posterior to the optic chiasma were harvested. After being fixed for 2 hours, washed for 4 hours,All data were expressed as mean 6 standard deviation (SD) and analyzed by SPSS 13.0. Repeated measures ANOVA was used as appropriate for comparison buy 548-04-9 between different groups followed by post hoc test for multiple comparisons. P,0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Hypothermia Attenuating Apoptosis through CHOPResults 3.1 Hippocampus Neuronal MorphologyCompared with sham group, the number of normal neurons in hippocampus CA1 area decreased in ischemia and hypothermia group. And the number of neurons with nuclear pyknosis increased significantly in hippocampus CA1 area from ischemia and hypothermia group. What’s more, compared with hypothermia group, the neuronal degeneration in ischemia group is more severe at each time points from ischemia group. At reperfusion 48 hours, the number of survival neurons in hypothermia group is.Estern blot analysis an equal amount of protein (50?00 mg) was loaded in each well and subjected to 10 sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Separated proteins were then transferred from the gel to polyvinylidinene fluoride (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) membranes and blocked in 5 non-fat dry milk prepared in 16 TBST. The membranes were incubated with the primary antibodies overnight at 4uC. The following primary antibodies were used: GRP78(1:200, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), CHOP (1:100, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA) or GAPDH antibody (1:1000, Zhongshan Goldenbridge Biotechnology, China). After washing primary antibodies with 16TBST, the membranes were incubated with appropriate secondary antibodies for 2 h at room temperature. The blots were developed using ECL (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology, China).2.2 SurgeriesRats were starved for 12 h prior to surgery, and then anesthetized by injecting of 10 chloral hydrate (0.35 ml/100 g) intraperitoneally. A model of transient, bilateral hemispheric ischemia was established according to previously described methods [20]. Briefly, vertebral arteries were electrocauterized to induce permanent occlusion. The common carotid arteries were exposed, isolated, and marked using a cotton thread loop. After 24 hours, the exposed bilateral common carotid arteries of the anesthetized rats rats were blocked by artery clamps .After 15 min of ischemia, the clamps were removed to allow reperfusion. A needle electrode was inserted subcutaneously from the parietal region, and connected with the ED-Swan Mark electroencephalogram system (Nihon 24272870 Kohden, Tokyo, Japan). The criteria of successful model were that rats presented unconscious, bilateral dilation of pupils, loss of spontaneous voluntary movements and the righting reflex throughout the ischemia and initial reperfusion periods. As the rats were anesthetized, we mainly rely on EEG. For rats in the hypothermic group, core temperature was decreased to 32?4uC by spraying 100 alcohol onto the rat’s body, and was brought back to normal with a light and a heating pad. Hypothermia maintained for 3 hours after reperfusion. For rats in the sham group, 4 vessels were exposed but without occlusion.2.5 Statistics 2.3 (HE) Staining, Immunohistochemistry and TUNEL MethodThe rats (n = 6 at each time point) were deeply anesthetized and intracardially perfused with 0.9 NaCl, followed by 4 paraformaldehyde (PFA). Brains were removed and brain tissues at the coronal plane from 1 to 4 mm posterior to the optic chiasma were harvested. After being fixed for 2 hours, washed for 4 hours,All data were expressed as mean 6 standard deviation (SD) and analyzed by SPSS 13.0. Repeated measures ANOVA was used as appropriate for comparison between different groups followed by post hoc test for multiple comparisons. P,0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Hypothermia Attenuating Apoptosis through CHOPResults 3.1 Hippocampus Neuronal MorphologyCompared with sham group, the number of normal neurons in hippocampus CA1 area decreased in ischemia and hypothermia group. And the number of neurons with nuclear pyknosis increased significantly in hippocampus CA1 area from ischemia and hypothermia group. What’s more, compared with hypothermia group, the neuronal degeneration in ischemia group is more severe at each time points from ischemia group. At reperfusion 48 hours, the number of survival neurons in hypothermia group is.