A single hills in the Lenggong Valley, is approximately 50 m above seaA single hills

A single hills in the Lenggong Valley, is approximately 50 m above sea
A single hills in the Lenggong Valley, is roughly 50 m above sea level and is situated around 3 km north of Lenggong town. The Lenggong Valley is an important archaeological web page. Evidence of Palaeolithic human settlement has been located inside the valley (Majid 994). The vegetation is typically mixed and incorporates limestone forest, lowland dipterocarp forest, orchards and secondary forest. Birds were surveyed at the sites in 3 zones: forest edge, PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16123306 forest intermediate and forest interior (Fig. ). This survey was carried out on ordinary soils near the limestone region.Habitat Loss Impact on Malaysian BirdsFigure : Schematic displaying places of study web pages in Lenggong limestone region, Perak, Malaysia. Zones are indicated as follows: forest edge, forest intermediate, forest interior. A, B and C refer for the two replicate sets of web-sites.Point Counts A pointcount distance sampling strategy was made use of in the bird surveys. Six transects (two in every forest zone) have been randomly placed in the study web-sites and surveyed 5 days per month. The transects have been about 300 m lengthy and spaced 50 m apart, with order BMS-3 census stations positioned at 50 m intervals. Bird surveys have been carried out from 0700 to 00 and 600 to 830. The surveys were only performed through suitable climate (i.e within the absence of rain or robust wind). At each and every plot, all birds seen and heard throughout a 0 min observation period had been recorded. Flushed birds were recorded at their original position, but flying birds were not recorded simply because their original positions had been unknown. The bird identification was aided by Robson (2008). Information Evaluation KruskalWallis tests had been performed to compare the number of species found inside the three habitat zones. Separate tests had been performed for every single in the 3 bird feeding guilds designated for this study (i.e insectivores, frugivores and other folks). A twobytwo Gtest of independence was applied to determine the bird feeding guilds that have been much more likely to become restricted for the undisturbed area. [Note: species had been counted based on species identified in forest interior according to their presence or absence in forest edge, and vice versa]. Birds flying silently high inside the air (e.g swallows, raptors, swifts) had been not incorporated in any on the analyses.Mohammad Saiful Mansor and Shahrul Anuar Mohd SahRESULTS Bird Species The study recorded a total of 7789 bird detections, that belonged also 00 bird species (Appendix ). Transect walks completed were about 260 (05 days six transects two times every day). A total of 2603 bird detections occurred in the forest edge habitat, 2826 within the forest intermediate and 2360 inside the forest interior. In all, 58 species have been recorded inside the forest edge, 83 species in the forest intermediate and 7 species within the forest interior. A total of species had been found only on the forest edge (eight.97 ). A total of five species (7.04 ) were discovered only in the forest interior and species was located only inside the forest intermediate (.20 ).Figure two: Species accumulation curves of bird species in Lenggong limestone location, Perak.Lonchura striata (283 observations; 0.87 ), Lonchura punctulata (23 observations; eight.8 ) and Amaurornis phoenicurus (88 observations; 7.22 ) had been the 3 most abundant bird species recorded on the forest edge. Merops leschenaulti (278 observations; 9.84 ) Prinia flaviventris (three observations; four.00 ) and Iole olivacea (02 observations; three.six ) have been the 3 most abundant bird species recorded in the forest intermediate. Stachyris erythroptera (84 observations;.