Est diagnostics consisted of a standardized questionnaire with different domains: Quality

Est diagnostics consisted of a standardized questionnaire with different domains: Quality of life-DiabetesJ. Pers. Med. 2014,Quality of Life for Youth Scale (DQOLY) [36], Diabetes Family Conflict Scale [37], Overall expected self-efficacy [38], Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale [39], Child Behavior Checklist [40], Youth Self-Report [40], Vocabulary Test [41], and Test about sequence of numbers [41]. The DQOLY scale consists of following subscales: disease impact, diabetes-related worries, treatment satisfaction, and life satisfaction. A 5-point scale was used and for life satisfaction: higher values represent better life satisfaction. For disease impact -diabetes related worries; smaller values represent better health-related life quality. In order to compare the situation at beginning and at the end, questionnaires were filled at these two stages of the study. Results of the questionnaires for the control and intervention groups are presented in Table 3. Table 1. Comparison between control and intervention groups.Parameter Number (n) Females (n/ ) Age (year) Body height (m) Body weight (kg) at the beginning Body weight (kg) at the end Body-mass Index (BMI) (kg/m ) at the beginning Body-mass Index (BMI) (kg/m ) at the end Diabetes duration (years) Blood sugar at empty stomach Shikonin site during the day at the beginning (mmol/L) Mean of blood glucose excursions during the first 3 days at beginning (mmol/L) Mean of blood glucose excursions during the last 3 days before the end (mmol/L) Patient with at least one insulin analog (n/ ) Number of (n) blood glucose self-tests per week Strategy of the insulin therapy at the beginning (n/ ): ICT** using injections ICT** using pumps (CSII) Strategy of the insulin therapy at the end (n/ ): ICT** using injections ICT** using pumps (CSII) HbA1c ( ) at the beginning HbA1c ( ) at the end Insulin dose (I.U.) at the beginning Insulin dose per kg body weight (I.U./kg body weight) at the beginning Insulin dose (I.U.) at the end Insulin dose per kg body weight (I.U./kg body weight) at the end Number of all hypoglycemic episodes during the last month (n)* Number of order BMS-214662 patients with at least one hypoglycemic episode during the last month (n) Number of severe hypoglycemic episodes requiring help during the last month (n) * 22 (65 ) 12 (35 ) 9.0 ?.2 8.0 ?.3 47.3 ?8.3 0.89 ?.33 46.3 ?7.8 0.88 ?.32 12 (Range, 060) 33 0 22 (65 ) 12 (35 ) 8.8 ?.7 8.1 ?.1 45.5 ?4.2 0.86 ?.44 47.0 ?4.4 0.86 ?.44 8 (Range, 0-52) 30 0 0.81 0.65 0.73 0.74 0.89 0.91 0.24 0.23 0.32 1.0 23 (68 ) 11 (32 ) 25 (74 ) 9 (26 ) 0.2Control group Mean D 34 14 (44 ) 13.2 ?.9 1.57 ?.15 53.8 ?3.9 54.7 ?4.3 21.8 ?.2 22.2 ?.7 5.3 ?.0 8.3 ?.7 10.7 ?.4 9.6 ?.5 11 (32 ) 34.1 ?.Intervention group Mean D 34 13 (38 ) 12.9 ?.0 1.62 ?.15 53.7 ?5.6 53.5 ?5.5 20.2 ?.5 20.1 ?.5 5.0 ?.7 7.6 ?.2 8.3 ?.2 8.5 ?.7 9 (27 ) 36.2 ?0.p-value / 0.63 0.56 0.19 0.99 0.75 0.14 0.07 0.75 0.38 0.003 0.16 0.33 0.J. Pers. Med. 2014, 4 Table 1. Cont.Parameter Number of patients with at least one severe hypoglycemic episode requiring help during the last month (n) Number of severe hypoglycemic episodes with loss of consciousness during the last month (n) * Number of patients with at least one severe hypoglycemic episode with loss of consciousness during the last month (n) * Number of ketoacidosis with hospital admission during the last month (n) * Diabetes-related knowledge (points) Blood pressure systolic (mmHg) Blood pressure diastolic (mmHg) Control group Mean D 1 1 1 0 17.9 ?.0 109.6 ?2.2 68.6 ?.Est diagnostics consisted of a standardized questionnaire with different domains: Quality of life-DiabetesJ. Pers. Med. 2014,Quality of Life for Youth Scale (DQOLY) [36], Diabetes Family Conflict Scale [37], Overall expected self-efficacy [38], Diabetes Self-Efficacy Scale [39], Child Behavior Checklist [40], Youth Self-Report [40], Vocabulary Test [41], and Test about sequence of numbers [41]. The DQOLY scale consists of following subscales: disease impact, diabetes-related worries, treatment satisfaction, and life satisfaction. A 5-point scale was used and for life satisfaction: higher values represent better life satisfaction. For disease impact -diabetes related worries; smaller values represent better health-related life quality. In order to compare the situation at beginning and at the end, questionnaires were filled at these two stages of the study. Results of the questionnaires for the control and intervention groups are presented in Table 3. Table 1. Comparison between control and intervention groups.Parameter Number (n) Females (n/ ) Age (year) Body height (m) Body weight (kg) at the beginning Body weight (kg) at the end Body-mass Index (BMI) (kg/m ) at the beginning Body-mass Index (BMI) (kg/m ) at the end Diabetes duration (years) Blood sugar at empty stomach during the day at the beginning (mmol/L) Mean of blood glucose excursions during the first 3 days at beginning (mmol/L) Mean of blood glucose excursions during the last 3 days before the end (mmol/L) Patient with at least one insulin analog (n/ ) Number of (n) blood glucose self-tests per week Strategy of the insulin therapy at the beginning (n/ ): ICT** using injections ICT** using pumps (CSII) Strategy of the insulin therapy at the end (n/ ): ICT** using injections ICT** using pumps (CSII) HbA1c ( ) at the beginning HbA1c ( ) at the end Insulin dose (I.U.) at the beginning Insulin dose per kg body weight (I.U./kg body weight) at the beginning Insulin dose (I.U.) at the end Insulin dose per kg body weight (I.U./kg body weight) at the end Number of all hypoglycemic episodes during the last month (n)* Number of patients with at least one hypoglycemic episode during the last month (n) Number of severe hypoglycemic episodes requiring help during the last month (n) * 22 (65 ) 12 (35 ) 9.0 ?.2 8.0 ?.3 47.3 ?8.3 0.89 ?.33 46.3 ?7.8 0.88 ?.32 12 (Range, 060) 33 0 22 (65 ) 12 (35 ) 8.8 ?.7 8.1 ?.1 45.5 ?4.2 0.86 ?.44 47.0 ?4.4 0.86 ?.44 8 (Range, 0-52) 30 0 0.81 0.65 0.73 0.74 0.89 0.91 0.24 0.23 0.32 1.0 23 (68 ) 11 (32 ) 25 (74 ) 9 (26 ) 0.2Control group Mean D 34 14 (44 ) 13.2 ?.9 1.57 ?.15 53.8 ?3.9 54.7 ?4.3 21.8 ?.2 22.2 ?.7 5.3 ?.0 8.3 ?.7 10.7 ?.4 9.6 ?.5 11 (32 ) 34.1 ?.Intervention group Mean D 34 13 (38 ) 12.9 ?.0 1.62 ?.15 53.7 ?5.6 53.5 ?5.5 20.2 ?.5 20.1 ?.5 5.0 ?.7 7.6 ?.2 8.3 ?.2 8.5 ?.7 9 (27 ) 36.2 ?0.p-value / 0.63 0.56 0.19 0.99 0.75 0.14 0.07 0.75 0.38 0.003 0.16 0.33 0.J. Pers. Med. 2014, 4 Table 1. Cont.Parameter Number of patients with at least one severe hypoglycemic episode requiring help during the last month (n) Number of severe hypoglycemic episodes with loss of consciousness during the last month (n) * Number of patients with at least one severe hypoglycemic episode with loss of consciousness during the last month (n) * Number of ketoacidosis with hospital admission during the last month (n) * Diabetes-related knowledge (points) Blood pressure systolic (mmHg) Blood pressure diastolic (mmHg) Control group Mean D 1 1 1 0 17.9 ?.0 109.6 ?2.2 68.6 ?.