Moreover, EB cultures at d6 and d12 showed increasing levels of CS

ficantly associated with acquired HIV drug resistance in a univariate analysis were included into multiple logistic regression. For the analysis of factors associated with acquired HIV drug resistance only the last sequence of ART experienced patients was included. The proportion of patients showing a history of exposure to a drug class, trends in the proportion of patients with ART interruption, gender, transmission group category, HIV subtype were calculated by simple logistic regression. Median plasma viral loads and CD4 cell counts were calculated for ART naive and treated patients. The Mann-Whitney-U-test was used to compare viral Materials and Methods The ClinSurv-HIV Cohort, study design The ClinSurv-HIV project protocol was approved by the German Federal MedChemExpress LY341495 Commissioner for Data Protection. ClinSurvHIV is an ongoing, prospective, long-term observational cohort study. The study design has been described in detail elsewhere. In brief, 15 clinical centres in different, predominantly urban areas in Germany are involved in the study and consecutively monitored subjects since January 1st 1999. The cohort comprises all individuals infected with HIV in the participating clinical centres. Only basic data are reported every six months. The data set is anonymized and comprises demographic data, time-related variables on clinical events, AIDS-defining diagnoses, and detailed data on antiretroviral treatment. Patients with available sequences were identified at the five ClinSurv-HIV Drug Resistance Study centres participating in this analysis. Any identifying information was removed at the local study centres, the sequences were labelled with a new identifier allowing linkage with anonymized PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19663922 patient data in the ClinSurv data base. All data analyses were performed on the anonymized data set. The Robert Koch Institute is the German national public health institute, therefore the Federal Commissioner for Data Protection is the responsible entity for studies which are conducted by the Robert Koch Institute. Information on HIV infection collected in ClinSurv corresponds to the data reported to the RKI according to legal requirements implemented by the national Protection against Infection act of 2001. All patient data collected in ClinSurv are generated during routine care. The German Federal Commissioner for Data Protection therefore waived the need for ethical approval for the ClinSurv study. No written informed consent is required from patients. ClinSurv-HIV Drug Resistance Study For the ClinSurv-HIV Drug Resistance substudy, all patients infected with HIV under care in five study sites of the ClinSurv-HIV Cohort study group with at least one HIV genotypic resistance analysis result were identified. All p-values were two sided, and a p-value of,0.05 was considered significant. Data were analysed using SPSS 18.0.3 and R 2.12.1. Results A total of 9,528 ClinSurv patients were enrolled in the five study centers participating in the resistance study. 4,989 viral sequences were collected from 34% of these patients. Nearly half of these HIV sequences were generated while patients were ART naive, the other half of viral sequences were produced while patients were treated with antiretroviral drugs. The ART status of the patients could not be clarified for 3% of the HIV sequence data. Of the patients who have not been genotyped, 4,895 patients were seen in the resistance study centres while ART naive, and of 5,262 patients data were collected while treate